来源头条作者:自由执着的春风zc有提示词 :（动，名，形，副，代）

考点1. 词性转换 考点2. 词形变化

名词（数与格）

1.注意一些不规则变化的名词复数, phenomenon→ phenomena; criterion→ criteria; ox→ oxen; datum→ data; bacterium→ bacteria; medium→ media/mediums等。

• gulf / roof / chief / serf / belief / proof / handkerchief

2.既可数有不可数的名词：excitement, inspiration, encouragement, interest, satisfaction, delight, pleasure, fright, surprise, amazement, astonishment, shock, worry, disappointment, discouragement, success, failure, experience, embarrassment, kindness, sadness, honor, pity, comfort, joy, relief, work, pity等。

3.通常为不可数的名词：furniture, equipment, information, advice, progress, weather, fun, housework, news, baggage/luggage等。

4.常用复数形式的名词：如congratulations, regards, thanks, wishes等。

有的名词常以s结尾：belongings, manners, conditions, spirits, possessions, directions等。

有的名词单复数同形：means, series, species等。

【复合名词的复数】

1) 以“可数名词+介词(短语)”构成的复合名词变复数时，把前面名词变复数。

如：father-in-law → fathers-in-law， editor- in chief → editors- in chief

2) 以“动词 / 过去分词+副词”构成的复合名词变复数时，在词尾加s。

【省略格】 在表示店铺、教堂、诊所的名称或某人的家时,名词所有格的后面常省略它所修饰的名词。at the doctor’s在诊所;at my sister’s在我姐姐(妹妹)的家。

【双重所有格】 of+名词’s

a friend of my brother’s,

works of Mo Yan’s，

two relatives of my mother’s

Last night, some friends of my _____ (father) come to see him.

如：grown-up → grown-ups, stand-by → stand-bys。

5.与虚拟语气有关的名词学习： recommendation, suggestion, advice, proposal; order, command; request; demand, requirement; desire等。

His proposal that more similar activities____ (hold) has been accepted.

• Failing to pass the driving test, she was in lows__ (spirit) now.

• You can find the____ (direct) for fixing the air-conditioner in the manual.

• The city's bright lights, theatres, and movies are great ________( attract).

• Playing the piano was one of his greatest______(satisfy).

动词(谓语/非谓语）

1. 感官动词学习：see, watch, notice, observe, find, look at, hear, listen to, feel,等。

see sb. / sth. do /doing /done be seen to do /doing /done

2. 使役动词学习：make, let, have, keep, leave, get等。

have sb. /sth. do / doing / done keep sb. / sth. doing / done

leave sb. / sth. doing / done get sb. / sth. to do / done

make sb. / sth. do / done let sb. / sth. do / be done

• A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ____ (smoke) in the kitchen.

• The missing boys were last seen ____ (play) near the river.

• Listen! Do you hear someone (call) for help?

• To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English ___________ (speak) as much as we can

• Don't leave the water____ (run) while you brush your teeth.

• It was so cold that they kept the fire ____ (burn) all night.

---Good morning, can I help you?

---I'd like to have this package ____(weigh)，madam.

The speaker raised his voice but still couldn't make himself ____(hear)．

Alexander tried to get his work _______ (recognize) in the medical circles .

3.用动名词做宾语的词汇学习 (doing / being done）

admit, acknowledge; deny; advocate; enjoy; finish; delay, postpone, put off; appreciate; avoid; consider（考虑）; escape; oppose, object to; miss; imagine; mind; resist; risk; advise, suggest, recommend; understand; forgive, excuse, pardon; dislike; mention; keep; forbid, prohibit, ban; allow, permit; practice; fancy; emphasize, etc.

prefer...to..., be used to, be accustomed to, lead to, stick to, get down to, devote...to..., look forward to, be proud of,, keep on, can’t stand, insist on, set about, be successful in, give up, burst out, prevent...from..., see to, feel like, etc.

4.常用隐性被动的词汇学习：

表示“发生”的动词，如：happen, come about, take place, occur, break out等（无被动态）；

表示“追溯到，起源于”的词组，如;date from, date back (to)等（无被动态，只能用一般现在时）；

表示“属于”的词汇，如;belong to等（无被动态，无进行时态）；

表示“剩下”的remain（无被动态），表示“用完，用尽”的run out ,give out，

表示“由...组成”的consist of（无被动态）, 表示“有…重；重…”的weigh ,

表示“（指尺寸、长短等）量度为…”的measure等（无被动态）

sb./sth. prove to be + n. / adj.

5.连系动词学习： 1.变化类，如become, go, turn, grow, get, fall, come 等。2.感觉类，如feel, smell, taste, look, sound 等。 3.保持类，如keep, remain, stand, lie, stay等。

6.与虚拟语气有关的动词学习：order, command; request, demand, require, urge; suggest, advice, recommend; desire; prefer; advocate; wish等。

7.后面常接it的动词学习：prefer; like; love; hate; dislike; appreciate等。

8. 含情感色彩的动词学习：excite, inspire, encourage, interest, satisfy, delight, please, move, frighten, surprise, amaze, astonish, shock, worry, astonish, disappoint, discourage, exhaust, puzzle, tire, terrify等。

• The palace caught fire three times in the last century, and little of the original building _______(remain) now.

• ---Take this medicine 3 times a day, Mike.

---Do I have to take it? It_____(taste) so terrible.

The pond ______ (measure) about 2 meters across.

【动词时态与语态的常见命题形式】

1.固定句型中的固定时态

1) George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I’d rather he____ (focus）more on its culture.

2.固定短语下的固定时态

1) Up to now, the program ________ (save) thousands of children who would otherwise have died.

3.通过倒装句式考查时态

1) ---Is everyone here?

---Not yet. Look, there_______(come) the rest of our guests!

4.通过词法考查时态

1) The palace caught fire three times in the last century, and little of the original building _______(remain) now.

5. 通过语境考查时态

1) We________(work) on this project for four hours. Let’s have a rest.

2) —What a mistake!

—Yes. I _______ (suggest)his doing it another way, but without success.

【固定的时间状语】

• ago …did…

• in the past …did…

• in the past /last… …have(has) done…

• so far / up till now …have(has)done…

• since(自从) …have(has) done…

• the other day …did…

• by +将来时间 …will have done…

• by +过去时间 … had done

By+ 现在时间 …. have done

1) So far this year we ______ （see)a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent.

2) With the help of high technology, more and more new substances ______ (discover) in the past years.

3) By this time tomorrow we _____________(repair) the machine.

【注意以下几种常见结构中的时态】

1)…had no sooner done…than…did…. （一…就…） （本句式考点：1.时态 2.倒装）

…had hardly(scarcely) done…when… did…. （一…就…）

He had no sooner entered the classroom than the bell rang.

2) It is (high) time that… did / should do…. (该是做…的时候了)

3) It is the first / second…time that… have(has) done…. （这是某人第一次/第二次…做…的时候）

This is the first time we______(see) a film in the cinema together as a family.

4) By the time …do…, …will have done….

By the time… did…, … had done….

By the time he arrives there, they _______( finish) all the work.

When I talked with my grandma on the phone, she sounded weak, but by the time we ____ (hang)up, her voice had been full of life.

5) It / That /This is the + 最高级 + n. + that …have (has) done….

6) Sb. would rather that… did / had done…. （某人宁愿…）

7) wish that …did / had done / would do…

How I wish every family _____ (have)a large house with a beautiful garden!

8) If only …did / had done / would do…. （要是…就好了）

--- Look at these black clouds. It _______ (rain) soon

--- Sure. If only we ________ (come) out.

当when解释为“就在那时，恰恰就在那时”多用在下列句型中：

9) Sb. was/were doing sth. + when…did…

10) Sb. was/were about to do sth + when…did…

11) Sb.…had done … when…did…

12)……as if/though +主语 +did/would do/had done…好像……

Alan talked about Rome as if he______(visit) there. But in fact he hasn’t yet.

动词作谓语考虑3个方面：时态；语态；主谓一致性。

【动词作非谓语动词的常见考点】

【两词一结构】

With sb./ sth. to do （之后，通常不用被动形式）

doing （同时+主动/ 之前+被动）

done （之前+被动）

该结构在句中主要作后置定语;伴随状况或原因状语等。

John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work ________(finish), he gladly accepted it.

With no rain for three months and food supplies ______(run) out, the situation here is getting from bad to worse.

【后置定语的六种场合】

1)之后+主动：to do 2)之后+被动：to be done

3)同时+主动： doing 4)同时+被动：being done

5)之前+主动：doing 6)之前+被动：done

With the government’s aid, those ______ (affect) by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements.

(之前+被动：done)

Listen! The song ______(sing) is very popular with the students. (同时+被动：being done)

His first book_____(publish) next month is based on a true story. （之后+被动：to be done ）

【非谓语做状语】

1.不定式做状语，通常考查其作目的、结果或原因：

_____(make)it easier to get in touch with us, you’d better keep this card at hand.

He hurried to the booking office only______(tell) that all the tickets had been sold out.

We were astonished _______ (find) the temple still in its original condition.

2分词做状语，通常考查其作时间、条件、原因、结果、伴随、让步、方式等

____ (bite) twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we changed our dog.

Newly-built wooden cottages line the street, _______(turn)the old town into a dreamland.

形容词与副词（级别，句式）

1. 与介词或副词搭配的形容词学习。

2. 具有两种形式的副词学习：

• hard 努力地 ｜ hardly 几乎不

• free 免费｜ freely 自由地

• late 迟地｜lately 近来

• close 近地 ｜ closely 仔细地，密切地

• high 高地 ｜ highly高度地

• wide 宽地 ｜widely 广泛地

• deep 深地 ｜deeply 深深地

3.与虚拟语气有关的形容词学习：necessary, important, natural, surprising, strange, desirable等。

It is necessary that a college student _____ (master) at least a foreign language.

句式：

1) …..more A than B

例题：-----George is a wise person.

-----But in my opinion, he is ______brave than wise.

2)…否定词 + 比较级… 表示“没有比…更…的人/物”

例题：-----Did you have a good sleep last night?

----Yes, never sleep _______(well).

3) cannot ( never) ……too +adj. (adv. ) / adj. (adv.) + enough “越……越好”“非常”

We can’t emphasize reading too much.

形容词作状语：一般作原因状语和伴随性状语

He went home, very happy.(他回家了，回家时很高兴)伴随性状语.

They came back home at night, tired and hungry.

Tom sat____ (amaze) watching the monkey dancing in front of him.

有些副词置于句首可修饰全句，作评述性状语。如：

Fortunately, he was not drowned and was saved by the man.

Happily for her, her stepmother was kind to her.

Luckily, he was not hurt in the accident.

代词（it作形式主语/宾语,替代词）

1) 动词think, believe, make, find, consider, feel后面常接it作形式宾语。

He didn’t make ____clear when and where the meeting would be held.

Young man, if you hurry up, I think____ quite likely that you will catch the next train.

2)替代词

it that the one one

them/they those the ones ones

使用这些指示代词时要抓住所要替换的名词的四个特征：

1) 同名同物/同名异物 2）特指/泛指 3）单数/复数 4）可数/不可数

Talking about buying computers, I prefer a computer less than 8,000 yuan to ______ over the amount.

Little joy can equal ________ of a surprising ending when you read stories.

无提示词

（介词，连词，冠词）

▼while 而… （表示转折和对比）

In a horse-racing sport, it is common that the only active participants are the horses and the riders, ______ everyone else watches.

▼as“随着”

As she grew older, she became wiser.

As time goes by, … = with time going by, ……

▼unless 如果不, 除非= if not

We can’t get there on time unless we book the earliest flight

注意：unless引导的条件状语从句必须为肯定形式。

You can never achieve success unless you don’t work hard.（改错）

▼as(so) long as 只要

We will succeed as long as we keep on trying.

▼in case 假使, 万一（条件）；以防（目的）

The plane cannot take off in case it rains.

注意语序的变化：

▼as 尽管 as 引导让步状语从句时，句子通常倒装。

Busy as he is, he never misses a football match.

Child as he was, he knew much about computer science.

Try as he might, he will fail again.

Hard as she thought, she still had no idea.

▼no matter (what, when, where, how…) 无论（什么，何时，何地，怎样）。特别注意no matter how引导的让步状语从句，no matter how后面需接形容词或副词。

He wouldn’t forgive me no matter how hard I begged him

I will find you no matter where you hide.

▼wh- / how ever无论（什么，何时，何地，怎样）。特别注意however引导的让步状语从句， however后面需接形容词或副词。

He couldn’t get there on time however fast he drove.

▼ While尽管（置于主句之前）

While I have sympathy for you, I can’t help you.

▼在定语从句中case, point, situation, stage（阶段）, point（程度，地步）, activity, position, experience, job,等做先行词时，属于模糊化的词语，我们称之为抽象地点充当先行词。

.—What do you think of teaching, Bob?

—I find it fun and challenging. It is a job ______ you are doing something serious but interesting.

▼whose 引导定语从句。

That’s the new machine _____ parts are too small to be seen. (machine和 parts为所属关系;whose 紧跟

名词parts)

▼ as引导非限制性定语从句。 As is known to sb. / As is reported / As is often the case / As is mentioned above.